Cellular Metabolic Collapse

It has taken me half a century to come to an absolutely trivial realization; tennis is a 'sport.' It is not an 'active pastime', like billiards, ping pong, golf or curling, but is an athletic sport like hockey or soccer. I suppose I have always been dimly aware of that fact. I realized that players who could naturally run faster or longer and strike harder might be able to leverage those abilities to conquer and humiliate weekend athletes like myself. But I always held out some hope that superior technique could overcome an opponent's natural athletic ability. Indeed, as my knowledge improved, I found I could occasionally dominate less experienced but fitter 'jocks.' Bet there were too many times when a well-conditioned beginner would clean my clock, notwithstanding my superior stroking ability. My response to these disappointments was to redouble my efforts, culminating in this project. Indeed, my performance has improved remarkably, yet there was still something in my way. Some invisible demon that seemed to have the power to transform a good day on the court into an unqualified disaster. That demon, in whose unseen jaws I have suffered my entire life, has a name; Cellular Metabolic Collapse.

Cellular Metabolic Collapse(CMP) in sports is the pathologic process that renders muscle cells incapable of responding appropriately to neural excitation. You can feel it whenever you strength train with heavy weights. At the end of each set your muscles become completely unable to comply with your demands. The effect lasts several minutes while they 'recharge'. They don't hurt, but they won't respond. CMP is altogether different from running out of breath or overuse muscle soreness. CMP is a silent performance killer. It prevents you from doing the thousand tiny muscle contractions necessary to execute am effective stroke. CMP disconnects the brain from the body; rendering training, knowledge, and experience moot.

The triathlon sports are all about 'juice.' Got juice - you win. Run out of juice - you loose. Never had juice - you picked the wrong sport. You can still run, bike, or swim juiceless, you just don't win. Playing decent tennis also requires juice. Unlike the triathletes, however, when you run out of juice in tennis, you don't fall behind, you fall apart. All of a sudden, the seemingly trivial becomes the apparently impossible. Lobs become bloopers, serves become poopers, groundstrokes fly, and volleys dribble, and your timing goes all to hell. Feet don't move and knees don't bend. Shanks become your speciality. Mind you, all of these can be symptoms of ego collapse, but in that case, there is always something you can do to regain your composure. When you are juiced out, you are done, finished, kaput!

So, duh! I know you know this. I apologize if you feel patronized. For fifty years, I have chased this elusive gremlin. I even wrote my senior thesis on blood sugar and performance in the vain hope that a well-timed candy-bar might solve all of my problems. I have always conceded that metabolic issues such as hydration, overuse, oxygenation, flexibility, endurance, diet, and sleep effect tennis performance. But what I never suspected was the actual depth and breadth of the problem. I understood the poor fitness might prevent one from getting to the ball, but I never suspected that failure of fitness could cause one to mangle, mishit, and muff the balls that one could reach. CMP causes unconscionable, unpredictable, unavoidable errors.

Avoidence of Metabolic Collapse can be as dangerous as the collapse itself. Awareness of our own imperfect state of fitness compels us to modify and degrade our technique. To prevent quad fatigue we bend our knees sparingly or not at all, thereby disrupting balance and the generation of power and control. Weakness in the shoulders and upper back compels us to bring our arms down too early in the overhead, resulting in mishits, errors and ceding the high ground to our opponents. Similarly too early dropping of our tossing arm early in the serve, bending at the waist on low balls, and swinging at the ball instead of snapping the arm and wrist all rob us of the control, spin and power that we desperately need to defeat fitter foes. If you have ever walked out onto the court feeling stiff and useless, warmed up and started playing well, only to end up tired and useless in the end; then you know the whole, sad story of metabolic collapse from its avoidance to its direct effects.

Basic Muscle Metabolism

Muscles contract. That is all they do. The fibers that comprise a muscle don't all contract at once or together. Instead they are recruited, one after another, as needed. The signals that activate a given muscle group come from one branch of one nerve. There are only two states of the nerve; 'on' and 'off,' so how hard a muscle contracts depends on the frequency, not the size, of the nerve signals. Each 'on' signal creates a 'twitch' of the muscle, which adds to create a mechanical contraction.

To contract, the muscles need a source of energy. That source is the blood. Blood provides fuel in the form of glucose, fat and protein. The blood also provides oxygen. The muscle converts whatever fuel it gets to ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the ultimate source of energy for the muscle. The muscle can make ATP from any of the three fuels, and it can make it with or without oxygen. 'Burning' of glucose or fat using oxygen (aerobically) produces thirty-two ATP molecules per molecule of fuel. If the muscle has no oxygen available, it can still create ATP directly from fat or glucose, but it can only produce one or two molecules of ATP per molecule of fuel.


Creating ATP with the help of oxygen is also much cleaner, producing only water and carbon dioxide. When your muscles create ATP without oxygen, they produce lactic acid, a poison that causes muscle soreness, cramping, weakness, and temporary paralysis. This is why no one can sprint a marathon.

Getting oxygen and blood to the muscles is the job of the cardiovascular system. As the muscles start to produce more carbon dioxide and lactic acid the heart should respond by pumping more blood through the lungs and out into the muscles. If you have been couch-conditioning, the response of the heart and lungs will be inadequate, and the muscles will have to burn fuel without oxygen. Eventually, they will just seize up and stop responding to your brain's requests. The effects can be confusing since this type of muscular dysfunction can be painless and incomplete. Thus you may think that you are doing all the things that would normally produce control, spin, and power, but key muscles have gone sleepy-time. The effect of this 'oxygen-debt' on your overall performance is catastrophic, but you feel fine, a situation that lends itself to puzzlement, frustration, and self-immolation.

In addition to fuel and oxygen, to function adequately, the muscles require that you be adequately hydrated and well stocked with vital nutrients such as calcium, sodium, and a raft of other vitamins. Your muscles also need you to sleep because that is when they repair and replenish. Food is important, but oxygen is the key. Stuffing pasta in your face during a match might put a bit more fuel in your bloodstream, but if your muscles are not provided with enough oxygen they will consume any fuel that you throw at them 32 times faster and turn them into caustic lactic acid.

Who Cares?

I do and you should. Understanding the psychophysics of tennis is useful and important, but perfect strokes and temperament are insufficient to keep you out of Tennis Hell. No mastery of technique or faith can coax a tired muscle into action. You cannot will yourself into perfect fitness, and even the pros have limitations in that regard. But if you accept the premise that Metabolic Collapse is a real phenomenon, then there are a few steps you can take to mitigate its harmful effects:

  1. Get as fit as you can!
    • loose weight
      • use up less fuel and oxygen per step
    • jog
    • practice for fitness
      • the best strength training is hitting lots of balls
  2. Avoid avoidence!
  3. Adapt on the Fly
    • learn to recognize CMC
    • develop a fallback game
      • slice instead of topsin
      • play from midcourt
      • placement over power
      • use the lob
      • hit down the middle

If Cellular Metabolic Collapse is unavoidable, then don't waste energy trying to avoid it. Manage it. If you can know it when you feel it during a game, you can make adjustments in your strategy and tactics that mitigate its effects. First temporarily give up topspin for slice. Hitting good topspin requires excess energy from the leg muscles and a complex series of movements from the upper body musculature. Failure to properly lock and load the forehand topspin stroke will send the ball sailing over the baseline. The slice forehand is infinitely more forgiving, if a bit less forcefull. Hitting down the middle of the court is also a useful response to CMC as it cuts down the angles your opponent can exploit to get you running from one corner to the other. The ultimate place to give your muscles a nap is no-man's-land in the midcourt about one step behind the baseline. From there you can cover any shot that is gettable with two steps, and your shots reach your opponent's court quicker and at sharper angles. This position also opens up the drop shot as a weapon and shuts down your opponent's lob. The super-senior tournament players live in no man's land. Parking in no-man's-land leaves one vulnerable to an excellent pass or shot to the ankles, but it is a small price to pay to conserve energy during an attack of CMC.